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Tear resistance (or tear strength) is a measure of how well a material can withstand the effects of tearing. [1] It is a useful engineering measurement for a wide variety of materials by many different test methods .
Fracture mechanics is the field of mechanics concerned with the study of the propagation of cracks in materials. It uses methods of analytical solid mechanics to calculate the driving force on a crack and those of experimental solid mechanics to characterize the material's resistance to fracture.
Fracture toughness is a quantitative way of expressing a material's resistance to crack propagation and standard values for a given material are generally available. Morphology of fracture surfaces in materials that display ductile crack growth is influenced by changes in specimen thickness.
The steady-state wear equation was proposed as: [2] V = K P L 3 H {\displaystyle V=K{\frac {PL}{3H}}} where H {\displaystyle H} is the Brinell hardness expressed as Pascals, V {\displaystyle V} is the volumetric loss, P {\displaystyle P} is the normal load, and L {\displaystyle L} is the sliding distance.
In aerodynamics, aerodynamic drag, also known as air resistance, is the fluid drag force that acts on any moving solid body in the direction of the air's freestream flow. [ 22 ] From the body's perspective (near-field approach), the drag results from forces due to pressure distributions over the body surface, symbolized D p r {\displaystyle D ...
The "rolling resistance coefficient" is defined by the following equation: [6] = where F {\displaystyle F} is the rolling resistance force (shown as R {\displaystyle R} in figure 1), C r r {\displaystyle C_{rr}} is the dimensionless rolling resistance coefficient or coefficient of rolling friction ( CRF ), and
Rear (driven) bicycle sprockets. New, left, shows no wear. Right, used, shows obvious wear from being driven clockwise. Wear is the damaging, gradual removal or deformation of material at solid surfaces.
Strength parameters include: yield strength, tensile strength, fatigue strength, crack resistance, and other parameters. [citation needed] Yield strength is the lowest stress that produces a permanent deformation in a material.