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[186] [187] By the age of 50 more than 80% of American women will have contracted at least one strain of genital HPV. [ 185 ] [ 188 ] It was estimated that, in the year 2000, there were approximately 6.2 million new HPV infections among Americans aged 15–44; of these, an estimated 74% occurred to people between ages of 15 and 24. [ 189 ]
A 2007 survey of American women found 40% had heard of HPV infection and less than half of those knew it causes cervical cancer. [175] Over a longitudinal study from 1975 to 2000, it was found that people of lower socioeconomic census brackets had higher rates of late-stage cancer diagnosis and higher morbidity rates.
Many women with HPV infection never develop CIN or cervical cancer. Typically, HPV resolves on its own. [4] However, those with an HPV infection that lasts more than one or two years have a higher risk of developing a higher grade of CIN. [5] Like other intraepithelial neoplasias, CIN is not cancer and is usually curable. [3]
US incidence of HPV infection has increased between 1975 and 2006. [29] About 80% of those infected are between the ages of 17 and 33. [29] Although treatments can remove warts, they do not remove the HPV, so warts can recur after treatment (about 50–73% of the time [33]). Warts can also spontaneously regress (with or without treatment). [29]
Papillomaviridae is a family of non-enveloped DNA viruses whose members are known as papillomaviruses. [1] Several hundred species of papillomaviruses, traditionally referred to as "types", [2] have been identified infecting all carefully inspected mammals, [2] but also other vertebrates such as birds, snakes, turtles and fish.
This is associated with carcinogenic genotypes of HPV and/or HPV persistence factors such as cigarette smoking or immunocompromised states. Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia also known as VIN Simplex: is associated with vulvar dermatoses such as lichen sclerosus. It is associated with atypia of the squamous epithelium. [4] [5]
Gardasil is an HPV vaccine for use in the prevention of certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). [10] [7] [8] [9] [11] It was developed by Merck & Co. [12] High-risk human papilloma virus (hr-HPV) genital infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection among women. [13]
HPV infects the squamous epithelium, usually of the skin or genitals, but each HPV type is typically only able to infect a few specific areas of the body. Many HPV types can produce a benign growth, often called a "wart" or "papilloma", in the area they infect. [10] Many of the more common HPV and wart types are listed below.