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After the fall of the Roman Empire, many of the classical Greek texts were translated into Arabic and preserved in the medieval Islamic world, from where the Greek classics along with Arabic science and philosophy were transmitted to Western Europe and translated into Latin during the Renaissance of the 12th century and 13th century. [22] [23] [24]
How the Irish Saved Civilization: The Untold Story of Ireland's Heroic Role from the Fall of Rome to the Rise of Medieval Europe by Thomas Cahill, 1995. Atlas of World Military History, edited by Richard Brooks. New York: HarperCollins, 2000. A Military History of the Western World. Three Volumes. By J.F.C. Fuller.
Quickest-spread revolt in English history, and the most popular revolt of the Late Middle Ages. 1381: The Bible is translated into English by John Wycliffe. First print published in English 1386: 18–19 October: The University of Heidelberg is founded. It is the oldest university in Germany. 1389: 15 June: Battle of Kosovo in Serbia.
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500), the Middle Ages (AD 500–1500), and the modern era (since AD 1500). The first early European modern humans appear in the fossil record about 48,000 years ago, during the Paleolithic era.
He reigned over the Kingdom of France until his death in 1715, making his reign the longest of any monarch in history at 72 years and 110 days. 1643: L'incoronazione di Poppea, by Monteverdi, first performed. 1644: Giovanni Battista Pamphili is elected Pope Innocent X at the Papal conclave of 1644. 1644: The Manchu conquer China ending the Ming ...
An Encyclopedia of World History (5th ed. 1973), very detailed outline; 6th edition ed. by Peter Stearns (2001) has more detail on Third World; McAlister, Lyle N. Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492-1700 (1984) Mowat, R. B. A History of European Diplomacy 1815–1914 (1922), basic introduction
Columbus before the Queen, imagined by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1843. This timeline of European exploration lists major geographic discoveries and other firsts credited to or involving Europeans during the Age of Discovery and the following centuries, between the years AD 1418 and 1957.
The ideas of the Italian Renaissance were slow to cross the Alps into northern Europe, but important artistic innovations were made also in the Low Countries. [152] Though not – as previously believed – the inventor of oil painting, Jan van Eyck was a champion of the new medium and used it to create works of great realism and minute detail ...