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A medical calculator is a type of medical computer software, whose purpose is to allow easy calculation of various scores and indices, presenting the user with a friendly interface that hides the complexity of the formulas.
MDCalc is a free online medical reference for healthcare professionals that provides point-of-care clinical decision-support tools, including medical calculators, scoring systems, and algorithms. [1] MDCalc is also a mobile and web app. [ 2 ] The decision-support tools are based on published clinical research, [ 3 ] and MDCalc’s content is ...
The x-axis is the volume of liquid and the y-axis is the intraluminal pressure of the bladder. In normal patients, the plot is a series of spikes whose local minimums form a non-linear curve resembling an exponential growth curve. The spikes correspond to the bladder contractions associated with the micturition reflex. The curve formed by the ...
Disorders of bladder function may be dealt with surgically, by redirecting the flow of urine or by replacement with an artificial urinary bladder. The volume of the bladder may be increased by bladder augmentation. An obstruction of the bladder neck may be severe enough to warrant surgery. Ultrasound can be used to estimate bladder volumes. [31 ...
The urine volume is measured (this shows how efficiently the bladder empties). High volumes (180 ml) may be associated with urinary tract infections. [5] A volume of greater than 50 ml in children has been described as constituting post-void residual urine. [6] High levels can be associated with overflow incontinence.
The letters "V" (for volume) and "Q" (a conventional symbol for flow rate) are both used as a symbol for urine flow rate. The V often has a dot , that is, V̇ ("V-dot"). Q max indicates the maximum flow rate. Q max is used as an indicator for the diagnosis of enlarged prostate.
Intravesical drug delivery through a urinary catheter. Intravesical drug delivery is the delivery of medications directly into the bladder by urinary catheter.This method of drug delivery is used to directly target diseases of the bladder such as interstitial cystitis and bladder cancer, but currently faces obstacles such as low drug retention time due to washing out with urine and issues with ...
In the top-right image, the cystoscope has been bent within the bladder to look back on itself. The bottom two images show an inflamed urethra. If a patient has a stone lodged higher in the urinary tract, the physician may use a much finer calibre scope called a ureteroscope through the bladder and up into the ureter. (The ureter is the tube ...