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MPEG-4 AVC (H.264) Lossy or lossless: August 2004 Patent encumbered [57] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [III] Yes Yes [58] Yes AV1: Lossy or lossless: March 2018 Patent claims Yes [59] [60] Yes No No No No Planned No VP9: Lossy or lossless: June 2013 Patent claims Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No VP8: Lossy or lossless: September 2008 Patent claims Yes Yes No ...
The quality the codec can achieve is heavily based on the compression format the codec uses. A codec is not a format, and there may be multiple codecs that implement the same compression specification – for example, MPEG-1 codecs typically do not achieve quality/size ratio comparable to codecs that implement the more modern H.264 specification.
The bit rate reductions for HEVC were determined based on PSNR with HEVC having a bit rate reduction of 35.4% compared with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC HP, 63.7% compared with MPEG-4 ASP, 65.1% compared with H.263 HLP, and 70.8% compared with H.262/MPEG-2 MP. [121] HEVC MP has also been compared with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC HP for subjective video quality.
C The MaxDpbSize, maximum number of pictures in the decoded picture buffer, for the maximum luma picture size of that level is 6 for all levels. [1] [2] The MaxDpbSize can increase to a maximum of 16 frames, if the luma picture size of the video is smaller than the maximum luma picture size of that level, in incremental steps of 4/3×, 2×, or 4×.
Furthermore, in the H.264 video coding standard, the frame can be segmented into sequences of macroblocks called slices, and instead of using I, B and P-frame type selections, the encoder can choose the prediction style distinctly on each individual slice. Also in H.264 are found several additional types of frames/slices:
A CTB can be 64×64, 32×32, or 16×16 with a larger pixel block size usually increasing the coding efficiency. [4] CTBs are then divided into one or more coding units (CUs), so that the CTU size is also the largest coding unit size. [4] The arrangement of CUs in a CTB is known as a quadtree since a subdivision results in four smaller regions. [4]
In more modern macroblock-based video coding standards such as H.263 and H.264/AVC, transform blocks can be of sizes other than 8×8 samples. For instance, in H.264/AVC main profile, the transform block size is 4×4. [4] In H.264/AVC High profile, the transform block size can be either 4×4 or 8×8, adapted on a per-macroblock basis. [4]
XAVC can use level 5.2 of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, which when XAVC was introduced was the highest level supported by H.264 and which they now call XAVC S 4K/XAVC S HD.In addition their XAVC HS 4K or 8K versions can use MPEG-H HEVC/H.265 codec with 10-bit color sampling.