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The upper montane forests extend from approximately 2,300 meters up to 3,300 meters elevation. A belt of subalpine dwarf forests forms the transition between the montane forests and the high-elevation páramo alpine grasslands. [4] [3] Laurels and oaks are the predominant canopy trees in the lower montane forests, growing up to 40 meters high.
The park contains landscapes representing the WWF ecoregions of Talamancan montane forests at high elevations and the Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests at low elevations. It is significant for its biodiversity with 600 identified species of trees, over 530 species of birds, and 135 species of mammals catalogued.
The La Amistad International Park, or in Spanish Parque Internacional La Amistad, formerly the La Amistad National Park, is a transboundary protected area in Latin America, management of which is shared between Costa Rica (Caribbean La Amistad and Pacific La Amistad Conservation Areas) and Panama, following a recommendation by UNESCO after the park's inclusion in the World Heritage Site list ...
The high peaks in Chirripó National Park and La Amistad International Park host important areas of Talamancan montane forest and Costa Rican Páramo with high endemism and extremely high biodiversity. The peaks of these mountains constitute sky islands for many species of plants and animals.
Talamancan montane forests [8] Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests. Central American dry forests [9] Montane grasslands and shrublands [Talamanca Paramo] [citation needed] Mangrove. Bocas del Toro–San Bastimentos Island–San Blas mangroves [10] Moist Pacific Coast mangroves [11] Rio Negro–Rio San Sun mangroves [12]
The range is covered by the Talamancan montane forests to elevations of approximately 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). Much of it is covered by rainforests. Above elevations of 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) these are dominated by huge oak trees (Quercus costaricensis).
The strip of lowlands runs for 500 km west to east, and typically only 50 km wide. The higher elevations in the mountains to the east are in the Talamancan montane forests ecoregion. The mountains are an active volcanic zone, and most of the soils are derived from the parent basalt bedrock. [3]
It is surrounded at lower elevations by the Talamancan montane forests. The World Wide Fund for Nature includes the Costa Rican páramo within the montane forests ecoregion, although the páramo has a distinct flora with affinities to the páramo of the Northern Andes.