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The clinical manifestation of mild dental fluorosis is mostly characterised a snow flaking appearance that lack a clear border, opaque, white spots, narrow white lines following the perikymata or patches as the opacities may coalesce with an intact, hard and smooth enamel surface on most of the teeth. [7]
The teeth most likely affected are the maxillary anterior teeth, but all teeth can be affected. [95] The name for this type of caries comes from the fact that the decay usually is a result of allowing children to fall asleep with sweetened liquids in their bottles or feeding children sweetened liquids multiple times during the day.
As primary teeth are being developed, the ingestion of fluoride causes the teeth to form stronger and more resistant to cavities, although this increases the risk of dental fluorosis. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Water and milk fluoridation are two forms of systemic fluoride therapy that are effective at preventing dental cavities.
Potentially repairing early white spot lesions found on the tooth surface that may develop into cavities. [citation needed] And a reduction in cavities may result in the following downstream benefits: Protecting children and adults against tooth decay [11] [12] [12]: 4
Teeth displaying enamel hypoplasia lines, linear defects of enamel that form during crowns development as a result of periods of nutritional stress or disease during infancy and childhood Enamel hypoplasia is a risk factor for dental caries in children including early childhood caries (ECC), which continues to be a burden for many children.
Foreign body reactions appear as red or red and white, possibly painful longstanding lesions similar to desquamative gingivitis, or be granulomatous or lichenoid in nature. Tiny particles of dental materials (e.g. abrasive polishing pastes) may become impregnated in the gingival tissues and trigger a chronic inflammatory cell response. [5]
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The drug is able to chelate calcium ions and is incorporated into teeth, cartilage and bone. [20] Ingestion during the years of tooth development causes a yellow-green discoloration of dentin, which is visible through the enamel and fluorescent under ultraviolet light.