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Pyrinuron (Pyriminil, Vacor) is a chemical compound formerly used as a rodenticide. [1] Commercial distribution was voluntarily suspended in 1979 and it is not approved by the Environmental Protection Agency for use in the United States. [2]
Insecticides, larvicides, rodenticides, Lethal ovitraps and repellents can be used to control vectors. For example, larvicides can be used in mosquito breeding zones; insecticides can be applied to house walls or bed nets, and use of personal repellents can reduce incidence of insect bites and thus infection.
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Diphenadione is a vitamin K antagonist that has anticoagulant effects and is used as a rodenticide against rats, mice, voles, ground squirrels and other rodents. The chemical compound is an anti-coagulant with active half-life longer than warfarin and other synthetic 1,3-indandione anticoagulants.
Difethialone is an anticoagulant used as a rodenticide. [1] It is considered a second generation agent. [2] In May 2008, the EPA added restrictions on the sale of difethialone in consumer-use rodenticide products and also for exterior use by commercial applicators. [3] [4]
The KH 2 is converted to vitamin K 2,3 epoxide (KO) during the carboxylation reaction. The KH 2 cofactor is created within the vitamin K redox cycle. Chlorophacinone interferes with the vitamin K redox cycle by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR), an integral membrane protein present in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Because other species of mammals and birds may prey upon affected rodents, or directly ingest rodenticide bait, there is a risk of primary, secondary or tertiary exposure; examples are described in a 2012 publication on veterinary toxicology. [3]
Flocoumafen is a fluorinated, second-generation anticoagulant of the 4-hydroxycoumarin vitamin K antagonist type. [1] It is a second generation (i.e., high potency) chemical in this class, used commercially as a rodenticide.