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The group of halogens is the only periodic table group that contains elements in three of the main states of matter at standard temperature and pressure, though not far above room temperature the same becomes true of groups 1 and 15, assuming white phosphorus is taken as the standard state. [n 1] All of the halogens form acids when bonded to ...
At slightly elevated temperatures, the halogens bromine (Br 2) and iodine (I 2) also form diatomic gases. [3] All halogens have been observed as diatomic molecules, except for astatine and tennessine, which are uncertain. Other elements form diatomic molecules when evaporated, but these diatomic species repolymerize when cooled.
All noble gases are monoatomic. Diatomic (composed of two atoms). Examples include H 2 , N 2 , O 2 , F 2 , and Cl 2 . Halogens are usually diatomic. Triatomic (composed of three atoms). Examples include O 3 .
The hydrogen halides are diatomic molecules with no tendency to ionize in the gas phase (although liquified hydrogen fluoride is a polar solvent somewhat similar to water). Thus, chemists distinguish hydrogen chloride from hydrochloric acid. The former is a gas at room temperature that reacts with water to give the acid.
The Russell-Saunders term symbol of the ground state in all elements in the group is 4 S 3 ⁄ 2. The most important elements of this group to life on Earth are nitrogen (N), which in its diatomic form is the principal component of air, and phosphorus (P), which, like nitrogen, is essential to all known forms of life.
Terbium metal is an electropositive element and oxidizes in the presence of most acids (such as sulfuric acid), all of the halogens, and water. [15] 2 Tb (s) + 3 H 2 SO 4 → 2 Tb 3+ + 3 SO 2− 4 + 3 H 2 ↑ 2 Tb + 3 X 2 → 2 TbX 3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) 2 Tb (s) + 6 H 2 O → 2 Tb(OH) 3 + 3 H 2 ↑. Terbium oxidizes readily in air to form a ...
The halogens form many binary, diamagnetic interhalogen compounds with stoichiometries XY, XY 3, XY 5, and XY 7 (where X is heavier than Y), and iodine is no exception. Iodine forms all three possible diatomic interhalogens, a trifluoride and trichloride, as well as a pentafluoride and, exceptionally among the halogens, a heptafluoride.
The most familiar homonuclear molecules are diatomic molecules, which consist of two atoms, although not all diatomic molecules are homonuclear. Homonuclear diatomic molecules include hydrogen (H 2), oxygen (O 2), nitrogen (N 2) and all of the halogens. Ozone (O 3) is a common triatomic homonuclear molecule.