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In chemistry, a hydrochloride is an acid salt resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base (e.g. an amine). An alternative name is chlorhydrate, which comes from French. An archaic alternative name is muriate, derived from hydrochloric acid's ancient name: muriatic acid.
In part because of its high polarity, HCl is very soluble in water (and in other polar solvents). Upon contact, H 2 O and HCl combine to form hydronium cations [H 3 O] + and chloride anions Cl − through a reversible chemical reaction: HCl + H 2 O → [H 3 O] + + Cl −. The resulting solution is called hydrochloric acid and is a strong acid.
Hydrochloric acid is a strong inorganic acid that is used in many industrial processes such as refining metal. The application often determines the required product quality. [25] Hydrogen chloride, not hydrochloric acid, is used more widely in industrial organic chemistry, e.g. for vinyl chloride and dichloroethane. [8]
Hydrochloric acid, a solution of hydrogen chloride in water; Hydrochloride, the salt of hydrochloric acid and an organic base; Hydrogen chloride, chemical formula HCl; Hypomania Checklist, a questionnaire used to screen for hypomania and bipolar spectrum disorders; HCL color space, a color space model designed to accord with human perception of ...
Chloride is also needed for the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. [18] The concentration of chloride in the blood is called serum chloride, and this concentration is regulated by the kidneys. A chloride ion is a structural component of some proteins; for example, it is present in the amylase enzyme.
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Iodine monochloride is soluble in acids such as HF and HCl but reacts with pure water to form HCl, iodine, and iodic acid: ICl + H 2 O → HCl + HI + 1 ⁄ 2 O 2 2 ICl + H 2 O → 2 HCl + I 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 O 2 5 ICl + 3 H 2 O → 5 HCl + HIO 3 + 2 I 2. ICl is a useful reagent in organic synthesis. [2]
The association constant for the formation of a supramolecular complex may be denoted as K a; in such cases "a" stands for "association", not "acid". For polyprotic acids, the numbering of stepwise association constants is the reverse of the numbering of the dissociation constants.