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Indian termination describes United States policies relating to Native Americans from the mid-1940s to the mid-1960s. [1] It was shaped by a series of laws and practices with the intent of assimilating Native Americans into mainstream American society.
The 1960s marked the beginning of a "Native American Renaissance" in literature. New books such as Vine Deloria, Jr. 's Custer Died for Your Sins (1969) and the classic Black Elk Speaks (1961), reprinted from the 1930s, reached millions of readers inside and outside Indian communities.
The use of Native American or native American to refer to Indigenous peoples who live in the Americas came into widespread, common use during the civil rights era of the 1960s and 1970s. This term was considered to represent historical fact more accurately (i.e., "Native" cultures predated European colonization).
A direct effect of sterilization of Native American women was that the Native American birth rate decreased. [20] In 1970, the average birth rate of Native American women was 3.29, but it declined to 1.30 in 1980. The birthrate of Apache women fell from 4.01 to 1.78. In comparison, the average white woman birth rate fell from 2.42 to 2.14. [33]
The American Indian Movement (or AIM) is a Native American grassroots movement that was founded in July 1968 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. [90] A.I.M. was initially formed in urban areas to address systemic issues of poverty and police brutality against Native Americans. [91]
In honor of Native American Heritage Month, read up on famous Native Americans shaping our culture today, including actors, artists, athletes, and politicians ... which was displaced in the 1960s ...
Similarly the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 was another recognition of the special nature of Native American culture and federal responsibility to protect it. As of 2013, "Montana is the only state in the U.S. with a constitutional mandate to teach American Indian history, culture, and heritage to preschool ...
In the 1960s and 1970s, the grassroots Red Power Movement and American Indian Movement (AIM) sought to address discrimination and violence against Native Americans and to promote self-determination. Indigenous members of AIM staged the occupation of Alcatraz and the Trail of Broken Treaties. [ 147 ]