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Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) is a condition defined by an abnormal enlargement of the cardiac muscle surrounding the right ventricle. The right ventricle is one of the four chambers of the heart.
Specifically, an increase in Q wave size, abnormalities in the P wave, as well as giant inverted T waves, are indicative of significant concentric hypertrophy. [13] Specific changes in repolarization and depolarization events are indicative of different underlying causes of hypertrophy and can assist in the appropriate management of the condition.
If the electrical axis falls between the values of -30° and +90° this is considered normal. If the electrical axis is between -30° and -90° this is considered left axis deviation. If the electrical axis is between +90° and +180° this is considered right axis deviation (RAD).
Normal T wave. In electrocardiography, the T wave represents the repolarization of the ventricles. The interval from the beginning of the QRS complex to the apex of the T wave is referred to as the absolute refractory period. The last half of the T wave is referred to as the relative refractory period or vulnerable period.
Normal heart (left) and right ventricular hypertrophy (right) Investigations available to determine the cause of cor pulmonale include the following: [1] Chest x-ray – right ventricular hypertrophy, right atrial dilatation, prominent pulmonary artery; ECG – right ventricular hypertrophy, dysrhythmia, P pulmonale (characteristic peaked P wave)
When normal, the RV is about half the size of the left ventricle (LV). When strained, it can be as large as or larger than the LV. [ 5 ] An important potential finding with echo is McConnell's sign , where only the RV apex wall contracts; [ 7 ] it is specific for right heart strain and typically indicates a large PE.
Schematic representation of normal ECG In electrocardiography , the ST segment connects the QRS complex and the T wave and has a duration of 0.005 to 0.150 sec (5 to 150 ms). It starts at the J point (junction between the QRS complex and ST segment) and ends at the beginning of the T wave.
The QTc is less than 450 ms in 95% of normal males, and less than 460 ms in 95% of normal females. LQTS is suggested if the QTc is longer than these cutoffs. However, as 5% of normal people also fall into this category, some suggest cutoffs of 470 and 480 ms for males and females respectively, corresponding with the 99th centiles of normal values.