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Calcium is a binding agent in Roman concrete, which makes it remarkably strong. Figuring out where it came from was the key to solving this architectural mystery.
As seawater percolated within the tiny cracks in the Roman concrete, it reacted with phillipsite naturally found in the volcanic rock and created aluminous tobermorite crystals. The result is a candidate for "the most durable building material in human history". In contrast, modern concrete exposed to saltwater deteriorates within decades. [17 ...
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It is a form of Roman concrete (opus caementicium), the main difference being the addition of small pieces of broken pot, including amphorae, tiles or brick, instead of other aggregates. [1] Its main advantage over opus caementicium was that it is waterproof, the reason for its widespread use in Roman baths , aqueducts, cisterns and any ...
Modern concrete crumbles in decades, but the concrete Colosseum still stands — a mystery that puzzled scientists. 2,000 years later, ancient Roman concrete still stands — and experts finally ...
Roman cement is a substance developed by James Parker in the 1780s, being patented in 1796. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The name is misleading, as it is nothing like any material used by the Romans , but was a "natural cement " made by burning septaria – nodules that are found in certain clay deposits, and that contain both clay minerals and calcium carbonate .
Nobody knows who first discovered that a combination of hydrated non-hydraulic lime and a pozzolan produces a hydraulic mixture (see also: Pozzolanic reaction), but such concrete was used by the Greeks, specifically the Ancient Macedonians, [11] [12] and three centuries later on a large scale by Roman engineers. [13] [14] [15]
Starting around 200 BCE, the architects of the Roman Empire were building impressive concrete structures that have stood the test of time — from the soaring dome of the Pantheon to the sturdy ...