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The striatum (pl.: striata) or corpus striatum [5] is a cluster of interconnected nuclei that make up the largest structure of the subcortical basal ganglia. [6] The striatum is a critical component of the motor and reward systems; receives glutamatergic and dopaminergic inputs from different sources; and serves as the primary input to the rest of the basal ganglia.
The basal ganglia (BG) or basal nuclei are a group of subcortical nuclei found in the brains of vertebrates.In humans and other primates, differences exist, primarily in the division of the globus pallidus into external and internal regions, and in the division of the striatum.
The ventral striatum and dorsal striatum collectively form the striatum, which is the main component of the basal ganglia. [2] The dopaminergic neurons of the mesolimbic pathway project onto the GABAergic medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle.
The actor-critic model suggests that actions are generated and evaluated by a "critic" in the ventral striatum, while the actions are carried out by an "actor" in the dorsal striatum. Another model proposes the basal ganglia acts as a selection mechanism, where actions are generated in the cortex and are selected based on context by the basal ...
The caudate nucleus is one of the structures that make up the corpus striatum, which is part of the basal ganglia in the human brain. [1] Although the caudate nucleus has long been associated with motor processes because of its role in Parkinson's disease, [2] [clarification needed] [3] it also plays important roles in nonmotor functions, such as procedural learning, [4] associative learning ...
The substantia nigra is located in the ventral midbrain of each hemisphere. It has two distinct parts, the pars compacta (SNc) and the pars reticulata (SNr). The pars compacta contains dopaminergic neurons from the A9 cell group that forms the nigrostriatal pathway that, by supplying dopamine to the striatum, relays information to the basal ganglia.
The basal ganglia form a major brain system in all vertebrates, but in primates (including humans) there are special differentiating features. The basal ganglia include the striatum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus.
Basal ganglia. Striatum. Dorsal striatum (a.k.a. neostriatum) Putamen; Caudate nucleus; Ventral striatum. Nucleus accumbens; Olfactory tubercle; Globus pallidus (forms nucleus lentiformis with putamen) Ventral pallidum; Subthalamic nucleus; Basal forebrain. Anterior perforated substance; Substantia innominata; Nucleus basalis; Diagonal band of ...