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An inherent difficulty in studying human pheromones is the need for cleanliness and odorlessness in human participants. [ 3 ] Experiments have focused on three classes of putative human sex pheromones: axillary steroids, vaginal aliphatic acids and stimulators of the vomeronasal organ .
In particular, pheromones for the Bombus hyperboreus, include octadecenol, 2,3-dihydro-6-transfarnesol, citronellol, and geranylcitronellol. [35] Sea urchins release pheromones into the surrounding water, sending a chemical message that triggers other urchins in the colony to eject their sex cells simultaneously.
Sex pheromones are pheromones released by an organism to attract an individual of the same species, encourage them to mate with them, or perform some other function closely related with sexual reproduction. Sex pheromones specifically focus on indicating females for breeding, attracting the opposite sex, and conveying information on species ...
Each pheromone signal can elicit a distinct response based on the gender and social status of the recipient. [64] In insects, sex pheromones can be detected in very minute concentrations in the environment. Insect sex pheromones, usually released by the female to lure a male, are vital in the process by which insects locate each other for ...
Pheromones released into the air often have a carbon chain of 5 to 20 atoms and a molar mass of about 80 to 300 g-mol-1. With a carbon chain of less than five carbon atoms, the number of possible isomers is small and targeted species-specific coding is difficult. [58]
A semiochemical, from the Greek σημεῖον (semeion), meaning "signal", is a chemical substance or mixture released by an organism that affects the behaviors of other individuals. [1] Semiochemical communication can be divided into two broad classes: communication between individuals of the same species (intraspecific) or communication ...
A cat pheromone is a chemical molecule, or compound, that is used by cats and other felids for communication. [1] These pheromones are produced and detected specifically by the body systems of cats and evoke certain behavioural responses. [1] [2] Cat pheromones are commonly released through the action of scent rubbing. [2]
Sex pheromones are only released during scotophase and immediately after pheromone synthesis. Maximum pheromone titer is from day one to day five, and then decreases. [11] The highest concentration of the major female sex pheromone, (Z)-9 hexadecenal (Z9-Z16:Al), is released in a distinct pattern over a 24-hour period or a circadian periodicity.