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  2. Numeric precision in Microsoft Excel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeric_precision_in...

    Excel's storage of numbers in binary format also affects its accuracy. [3] To illustrate, the lower figure tabulates the simple addition 1 + x − 1 for several values of x. All the values of x begin at the 15 th decimal, so Excel must take them into account. Before calculating the sum 1 + x, Excel first approximates x as a binary number

  3. Accuracy paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accuracy_paradox

    Even though the accuracy is ⁠ 10 + 999000 / 1000000 ⁠ ≈ 99.9%, 990 out of the 1000 positive predictions are incorrect. The precision of ⁠ 10 / 10 + 990 ⁠ = 1% reveals its poor performance. As the classes are so unbalanced, a better metric is the F1 score = ⁠ 2 × 0.01 × 1 / 0.01 + 1 ⁠ ≈ 2% (the recall being ⁠ 10 + 0 / 10 ...

  4. Mean directional accuracy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_Directional_Accuracy

    Mean directional accuracy (MDA), also known as mean direction accuracy, is a measure of prediction accuracy of a forecasting method in statistics. It compares the forecast direction (upward or downward) to the actual realized direction. It is defined by the following formula:

  5. Positive and negative predictive values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_and_negative...

    The positive predictive value (PPV), or precision, is defined as = + = where a "true positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a positive result under the gold standard, and a "false positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a negative result under the gold standard.

  6. Mean absolute percentage error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_absolute_percentage_error

    This little-known but serious issue can be overcome by using an accuracy measure based on the logarithm of the accuracy ratio (the ratio of the predicted to actual value), given by ⁡ (). This approach leads to superior statistical properties and also leads to predictions which can be interpreted in terms of the geometric mean.

  7. Symmetric mean absolute percentage error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_mean_absolute...

    Provided the data are strictly positive, a better measure of relative accuracy can be obtained based on the log of the accuracy ratio: log(F t / A t) This measure is easier to analyze statistically and has valuable symmetry and unbiasedness properties

  8. Brier score - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brier_score

    A skill score for a given underlying score is an offset and (negatively-) scaled variant of the underlying score such that a skill score value of zero means that the score for the predictions is merely as good as that of a set of baseline or reference or default predictions, while a skill score value of one (100%) represents the best possible ...

  9. Precision and recall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_and_recall

    In a classification task, the precision for a class is the number of true positives (i.e. the number of items correctly labelled as belonging to the positive class) divided by the total number of elements labelled as belonging to the positive class (i.e. the sum of true positives and false positives, which are items incorrectly labelled as belonging to the class).