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Obesity is a complex disease that affects whole-body metabolism and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Physical exercise results in numerous health benefits and is an important tool to combat obesity and its co-morbidities, including cardiovascular diseases. Exercise prevents both the ...
Cardiovascular fitness is a component of physical fitness, which refers to a person's ability to deliver oxygen to the working muscles, including the heart.Cardiovascular fitness is improved by sustained physical activity (see also Endurance Training) and is affected by many physiological parameters, including cardiac output (determined by heart rate multiplied by stroke volume), vascular ...
The two main fuel sources for aerobic exercise in the body include fat (in the form of adipose tissue) and glycogen. At lower intensity aerobic exercise, the body preferentially uses fat as its main fuel source for cellular respiration , however as intensity increases the body preferentially uses glycogen stored in the muscles and liver or ...
Specifically, exercise physiology dictates that low intensity, long duration exercise provides a larger percentage of fat contribution in the calories burned because the body does not need to quickly and efficiently produce energy (i.e., adenosine triphosphate) to maintain the activity. On the other hand, high intensity activity utilizes a ...
Nutrition is important in all sports. Sports nutrition is the study and practice of nutrition and diet with regards to improving anyone's athletic performance. Nutrition is an important part of many sports training regimens, being popular in strength sports (such as weightlifting and bodybuilding) and endurance sports (e.g. cycling, running, swimming, rowing).
Cyclists may be trained and assessed by exercise physiologists to optimize performance. [1]Exercise physiology is the physiology of physical exercise.It is one of the allied health professions, and involves the study of the acute responses and chronic adaptations to exercise.
Trained endurance athletes can have resting heart rates as low as a reported 28 beats per minute (Miguel Indurain) or 32 beats per minute (Lance Armstrong), [5] both of whom were professional cyclists at the highest level. Aerobic conditioning makes the heart and lungs pump blood more efficiently, delivering more oxygen to muscles and organs. [6]
Cardiorespiratory fitness can be increased by means of regular physical activity and exercise. The medical community agrees that regular physical activity plays an important role in reducing risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, and a variety of other morbid conditions.