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Manicures, nail polish and remover, nail biting, and repeated trauma such as typing, can contribute to nail splitting. [1] Dehydration likely plays a role. [3] Nutritional deficiencies that can result in nail splitting include iron, selenium, and zinc. [1] Some skin diseases such as psoriasis and lichen planus may feature such nails. [3]
While Beau's lines are actual ridges and indentations in the nail plate, Muehrcke lines are areas of hypopigmentation without palpable ridges; they affect the underlying nail bed, and not the nail itself. Beau's lines should also be distinguished from Mees' lines of the fingernails, which are areas of discoloration in the nail plate.
Median nail dystrophy, also known as dystrophia unguis mediana canaliformis, median canaliform dystrophy of Heller, [1]: 657 and solenonychia consists of longitudinal splitting or canal formation in the midline of the nail, a split which often resembles a fir tree, occurring at the cuticle and proceeding outward as the nail grows.
Meanwhile, acetone nail polish remover is excellent at removing nail polish and acrylic or gel nails, but it causes damage to the nail and surrounding skin, says Dr. Zubek.
Dermatologist Lindsey Zubritsky is “begging” her 1.4 million TikTok followers to check their nails for a vertical line, which could indicate a subungual melanoma, a rare, but serious skin cancer.
Onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic shedding of the nails beginning at the proximal end, possibly caused by the temporary arrest of the function of the nail matrix. [1]: 784 [2]: 660 One cause in children is hand, foot, and mouth disease. [3] This generally resolves without complication.
Polyonychia can also be acquired, such as after an accident that affected the nail bed causing it to split. This type of polyonychia is just referred to as "post-traumatic split nail" [3] Polyonychia's syndromic causes include: Isolated congenital onychodysplasia [4] Polyonychia's non-syndromic causes include:
Habit-tic deformity is a condition of the nail caused by external trauma to the nail matrix. [1] The condition is characterized by ridges which run horizontally across the entire nail, most often occurring on the thumbs, as well as marked damage to or absence of cuticles.