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The regions of England, formerly known as the government office regions, are the highest tier of sub-national division in England. They were established in 1994 [1] and follow the 1974–96 county borders. They are a continuation of the former 1940s standard regions which followed the 1889–1974 administrative county borders.
At the highest level, all of England is divided into nine regions that are each made up of a number of counties and districts. These "government office regions" were created in 1994, [ 12 ] and from the 1999 Euro-elections up until the UK's exit from the EU, they were used as the European Parliament constituencies in the United Kingdom and in ...
The regions were numbered as shown in the list, numbers for sub-regions were of the form 1 1. The regions were based on pre-Second World War regions, but were substantially altered in the 1970s, with the merger of South East and Southern regions, and alterations in the north. They were again altered in 1984, to merge the English regions 1 and 2 ...
However, the ISO list of the subdivisions of the United Kingdom, compiled by British Standards and the United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics, uses "country" to describe England, Scotland, and Wales. [12] Northern Ireland, in contrast, is described as a "province" in the same lists. [12]
England portal; This category includes traditional and historical regions of England, some of which are loosely defined; the 9 official regions of England used since 1994 for statistical and some administrative purposes, also known as the NUTS 1 statistical regions of England; city regions, some of which are now recognised for government purposes
England's population of 56.3 million comprises 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, [14] largely concentrated around London, the South East, and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East, and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century. [15]
The counties of England are a type of subdivision of England.Counties have been used as administrative areas in England since Anglo-Saxon times. There are three definitions of county in England: the 48 ceremonial counties used for the purposes of lieutenancy; the 84 metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties for local government; [a] and the 39 historic counties.
Northern England has a strong export-based economy, with trade more balanced than the UK average, and the North East is the only region of England to regularly export more than it imports. [178] [179] Chemicals, vehicles, machinery and other manufactured goods make up the majority of Northern exports, just over half of which go to EU countries ...