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Marinisation (also marinization) is design, redesign, or testing of products for use in a marine environment. [1] Most commonly, it refers to use and long-term survival in harsh, highly corrosive salt water conditions. [2] Marinisation is done by many manufacturing industries worldwide including many military organisations, especially navies.
Concrete offshore structures are highly durable, constructed of low-maintenance material, suitable for harsh and/or arctic environment (like ice and seismic regions), [1] can carry heavy topsides, may be designed to provide storage capacity, can be suitable for soft ground and are economical for water depths larger than 150 m. Most gravity-type ...
Closed diving bells in offshore construction are mainly used for saturation diving in water depths greater than 120 feet (40 m), less than that, the surface oriented divers are transported through the water in a wet bell or diving stage (basket), a suspended platform deployed from a launch and recovery system (LARS, or "A" frame) on the deck of ...
Michigan Concrete Association recommends a regular salt like Morton table salt instead of an ice melter because it’s 100 percent sodium chloride (NaCl). This, however, is recommended for ...
Underwater construction is industrial construction in an underwater environment. It is a part of the marine construction industry. [1] It can involve the use of a variety of building materials, mainly concrete and steel. There is often, but not necessarily, a significant component of commercial diving involved.
A breakwater structure is designed to absorb the energy of the waves that hit it, either by using mass (e.g. with caissons), or by using a revetment slope (e.g. with rock or concrete armour units). In coastal engineering, a revetment is a land-backed structure whilst a breakwater is a sea-backed structure (i.e. water on both sides).
The tables below present an example of an artificial seawater (35.00‰ of salinity) preparation devised by Kester, Duedall, Connors and Pytkowicz (1967). [1] The recipe consists of two lists of mineral salts, the first of anhydrous salts that can be weighed out, the second of hydrous salts that should be added to the artificial seawater as a solution.
The initiation time is related to the rate at which carbonation propagates in the concrete cover thickness.Once that carbonation reaches the steel surface, altering the local pH value of the environment, the protective thin film of oxides on the steel surface becomes instable, and corrosion initiates involving an extended portion of the steel surface.