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The current definition of an overlapping gene varies significantly between eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses. [2] In prokaryotes and viruses overlap must be between coding sequences but not mRNA transcripts, and is defined when these coding sequences share a nucleotide on either the same or opposite strands.
A nested gene is a gene whose entire coding sequence lies within the bounds (between the start codon and the stop codon) of a larger external gene.The coding sequence for a nested gene differs greatly from the coding sequence for its external host gene.
Gene knockout is a method utilized in some studies aiming to characterize the maintenance and fitness effects functional overlap. [3] Classical models of maintenance propose that duplicated genes may be conserved to various extents in genomes due to their ability to compensate for deleterious loss of function mutations.
An overlap of the product of three sequencing runs, with the read sequence coverage at each point indicated. In genetics, coverage is one of several measures of the depth or completeness of DNA sequencing, and is more specifically expressed in any of the following terms:
There are two distinctive mapping approaches used in the field of genome mapping: genetic maps (also known as linkage maps) [7] and physical maps. [3] While both maps are a collection of genetic markers and gene loci, [8] genetic maps' distances are based on the genetic linkage information, while physical maps use actual physical distances usually measured in number of base pairs.
Intergenic regions may contain a number of functional DNA sequences such as promoters and regulatory elements, enhancers, spacers, and (in eukaryotes) centromeres. [2] They may also contain origins of replication, scaffold attachment regions, and transposons and viruses.
Light micrograph of a moss's leaf cells at 400X magnification. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cell biology: . Cell biology – A branch of biology that includes study of cells regarding their physiological properties, structure, and function; the organelles they contain; interactions with their environment; and their life cycle, division, and death.
In bioinformatics, a sequence alignment is a way of arranging the sequences of DNA, RNA, or protein to identify regions of similarity that may be a consequence of functional, structural, or evolutionary relationships between the sequences. [1]