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Ventriculomegaly is a brain condition that mainly occurs in the fetus when the lateral ventricles become dilated. The most common definition uses a width of the atrium of the lateral ventricle of greater than 10 mm. [1] This occurs in around 1% of pregnancies. [2]
As the blood flows through the left atrium, it will move through the mitral valve into the left ventricle and will be pumped through the aorta into the body. The shunting of oxygenated blood from right to left atrium will supply blood high in oxygen and nutrient content to the upper extremities, including the critically important brain.
Images showing an enlarged third ventricle along with a normally sized fourth ventricle (in a lateral view) is generally considered to be an indication of aqueductal stenosis, but this is still only presumption. [2] [3] CT scans are typically used after a shunt treatment in order to analyze ventricle size and determine if the device is working ...
The preliminary diagnosis of PVL is often made using imaging technologies. In most hospitals, premature infants are examined with ultrasound soon after birth to check for brain damage. Severe white matter injury can be seen with a head ultrasound; however, the low sensitivity of this technology allows for some white matter damage to be missed.
Hydrocephalus is difficult to detect clinically before delivery, although enlarged ventricles can be spotted on ultrasonography as early as 18-20 weeks gestation. [7] Since infants' skulls are not fully fused together at the cranial sutures yet, they have soft spots on their skulls known as open fontanelles . [ 8 ]
A Wiggers diagram, named after its developer, Carl Wiggers, is a unique diagram that has been used in teaching cardiac physiology for more than a century. [1] [2] In the Wiggers diagram, the X-axis is used to plot time subdivided into the cardiac phases, while the Y-axis typically contains the following on a single grid: Blood pressure. Aortic ...
The ventricles contained within the rhombencephalon become the fourth ventricle, and the ventricles contained within the mesencephalon become the aqueduct of Sylvius. Separating the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles is the septum pellucidum : a thin, triangular, vertical membrane which runs as a sheet from the corpus callosum down to the ...
Cranial ultrasound is a technique for scanning the brain using high-frequency sound waves. It is used almost exclusively in babies because their fontanelle (the soft spot on the skull) provides an "acoustic window". A different form of ultrasound-based brain scanning, transcranial Doppler, can be used in any age group.