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Densely packed decimal (DPD) is an efficient method for binary encoding decimal digits.. The traditional system of binary encoding for decimal digits, known as binary-coded decimal (BCD), uses four bits to encode each digit, resulting in significant wastage of binary data bandwidth (since four bits can store 16 states and are being used to store only 10), even when using packed BCD.
Reversible Implementation of Densely-Packed-Decimal Converter to and from Binary-Coded-Decimal Format Using in IEEE-754R. 9th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT'06). IEEE. pp. 273– 276. Cowlishaw, Mike F. (2009) [2002, 2008]. "Bibliography of material on Decimal Arithmetic – by category". General Decimal Arithmetic. IBM
In computer science, the double dabble algorithm is used to convert binary numbers into binary-coded decimal (BCD) notation. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is also known as the shift-and-add -3 algorithm , and can be implemented using a small number of gates in computer hardware, but at the expense of high latency .
BCD numbers can be represented in two ways in integer registers: packed decimal and unpacked decimal. Packed (4 bits) In packed decimal representation a decimal digit is stored in one nibble. The values 10 to 15 are not used. [2] Unpacked (8 bits) In unpacked decimal representation a decimal digit is stored in one byte. The values 10 to 255 are ...
The decimal formats include denormal values, for a graceful degradation of precision near zero, but in contrast to the binary formats they are not marked / do not need a special exponent, in decimal32 they are just values too small to have full 7 digit precision even with the smallest exponent. [clarification needed]
The C language has no provision for zoned decimal. The IBM ILE C/C++ compiler for System i provides functions for conversion between int or double and zoned decimal: [8] QXXDTOZ() — Convert Double to Zoned Decimal; QXXITOZ() — Convert Integer to Zoned Decimal; QXXZTOD() — Convert Zoned Decimal to Double; QXXZTOI() — Convert Zoned ...
However, on modern standard computers (i.e., implementing IEEE 754), one may safely assume that the endianness is the same for floating-point numbers as for integers, making the conversion straightforward regardless of data type. Small embedded systems using special floating-point formats may be another matter, however.
In the decimal encoding, it is encoded as a series of p decimal digits (using the densely packed decimal (DPD) encoding). This makes conversion to decimal form efficient, but requires a specialized decimal ALU to process. In the binary integer decimal (BID) encoding, it is encoded as a binary number.