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The predecessor of modern electronic traction control systems can be found in high-torque, high-power rear-wheel-drive cars as a limited slip differential.A limited-slip differential is a purely mechanical system that transfers a relatively small amount of power to the non-slipping wheel, while still allowing some wheel spin to occur.
The base SR5 trim as well as the top-of-the-line Limited trim are available as a 2WD or a 4WD. The Trail Edition is only available as a 4WD. The SR5 and Trail Edition 4WDs received a part-time 4WD drive system, while the Limited has full-time 4WD. All models came with Active Traction Control (A-TRAC). [66]
In 1987, Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Toyota [7] introduced their first traction control systems. Traction control works by applying individual wheel braking and throttle to maintain traction under acceleration, but unlike ESC, it is not designed to aid in steering. In 1990, Mitsubishi released the Diamante in Japan. Developed to help the driver ...
Toyota's system, branded "Toyota Safety Sense" or "Lexus Safety System", is a radar-based system that uses a forward-facing millimeter-wave radar. When the system determines that a frontal collision is unavoidable, it preemptively tightens the seat belts , removing any slack, and pre-charges the brakes using brake assist to give the driver ...
The interconnection is made up of hydraulic piping and a control cylinder which is located at the frame rail. [2] KDSS, which is fully mechanical, can disengage the stabilizer bars (the bars are jointed, allowing movement independent of one another). [2] This system will not engage during normal driving conditions, when hydraulic pressure is equal.
The transaxle and traction motor have been redesigned, delivering a reduction in size and combined weight. [40] The traction motor itself is considerably more compact and gains a better power-to-weight ratio. Notably there is a 20 percent reduction in mechanical losses due to friction compared to the previous model.
All Tourers had front- and rear-stabilizer bars but only the Tourer V's came with traction control, ABS and an LSD standard. [3] Tourer V's were very popular amongst enthusiasts and drifters due to their stiff chassis, price point compared to other RWD/Turbo Toyota's, and power-to-weight ratio. Trim packages (3.0L, 2.5L, 2.0L and 1.8L):
The 2.5-liter engine produces 169 hp (126 kW) for the base, LE, XLE models, and 179 hp (133 kW) for the SE. Power locks, stability control, traction control and tires (205–225 mm or 8.1–8.9 in) were also made standard for 2010. A six speed manual transmission was available on the base model. [137]