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There have been 46 space missions to the planet Venus (including gravity-assist flybys). Missions to Venus constitute part of the exploration of Venus. The Soviet Union, followed by the United States, have soft landed probes on the surface. Venera 7 was the first lander overall and first for the Soviet Union, touching down on 15 December 1970.
Venera-D is a proposed mission to Venus that would include a highly capable orbiter and a lander. From the standpoint of total mass delivered to Venus, the best launch opportunities occur in 2026 and 2031; [ 10 ] however, as of March 2021, Venera-D is planned for launch no earlier than November 2029. [ 11 ]
Venera 13: Venus 30 October 1981 1 March 1982 123 days (4 months, 2 days) The Venera 13 bus flew by Venus and left a lander. [98] Venera 14: Venus 4 November 1981 5 March 1982 122 days (4 months, 2 days) The Venera 14 bus flew by Venus and left a lander. [99] Vega 1: Venus 15 December 1984 11 June 1985 179 days (5 months, 28 days) Vega 1 flew ...
Venera 3 (Russian: Венера-3 meaning Venus 3) was a Venera program space probe that was built and launched by the Soviet Union to explore the surface of Venus. It was launched on 16 November 1965 at 04:19 UTC from Baikonur , Kazakhstan , USSR .
Venera 4 (Russian: Венера-4, lit. 'Venus-4'), also designated 4V-1 No.310, was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus.The probe comprised a lander, designed to enter the Venusian atmosphere and parachute to the surface, and a carrier/flyby spacecraft, which carried the lander to Venus and served as a communications relay for it.
The spacecraft was named Kosmos 96, part of a series typically used for military and experimental satellites in order to cover up the failure. Had it departed Earth's orbit, it would have received the next designation in the Venera series, at the time Venera 4. Kosmos 96 was destroyed when it re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on 9 December 1965 ...
Venera 7 (Russian: Венера-7, lit. 'Venus 7') was a Soviet spacecraft, part of the Venera series of probes to Venus . When it landed on the Venusian surface on 15 December 1970, it became the first spacecraft to soft land on another planet and the first to transmit data from there back to Earth .
One variant of the Soviet Union's planned TMK mission to Mars in 1971–1974 involved a flyby of Venus on the return voyage, and was given the code name "MAVR" (MArs - VeneRa), meaning Mars - Venus. [8] However, the TMK program was cancelled after the N1 rocket that was needed to loft the mission failed to fly successfully.