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The scope of ancient Western philosophy included the problems of philosophy as they are understood today; but it also included many other disciplines, such as pure mathematics and natural sciences such as physics, astronomy, and biology (Aristotle, for example, wrote on all of these topics).
Made contributions to economics, science, mathematics, theology and philosophy. Ibn Khaldun (1332 – 1406). Hasdai Crescas (c. 1340 – c. 1411). Jewish philosopher. Gemistus Pletho (c. 1355 – 1452/1454). Late Byzantine scholar of neoplatonic philosophy.
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. [1] [2] It is distinguished from other ways of addressing fundamental questions (such as mysticism, myth) by being critical and generally systematic and by its reliance on rational argument. [3]
The history of philosophy is primarily concerned with theories based on rational inquiry and argumentation; some historians understand it in a looser sense that includes myths, religious teachings, and proverbial lore. [40] Influential traditions in the history of philosophy include Western, Arabic–Persian, Indian, and Chinese philosophy.
Western philosophy originated in Ancient Greece and covers a wide area ... It provides an interdisciplinary perspective and studies the scope and fundamental concepts ...
The history of philosophy is the systematic study of the development of philosophical thought. It focuses on philosophy as rational inquiry based on argumentation, but some theorists also include myth, religious traditions, and proverbial lore. Western philosophy originated with an inquiry into the fundamental nature of the cosmos in Ancient ...
1946, A History of Western Philosophy and Its Connection with Political and Social Circumstances from the Earliest Times to the Present Day, New York: Simon and Schuster. 1948, Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits, London: George Allen & Unwin. 1949, Authority and the Individual, London: George Allen & Unwin.
In the modern period, the scope of metaphysics expanded to include topics such as the distinction between mind and body and free will. [6] Some philosophers follow Aristotle in describing metaphysics as "first philosophy", suggesting that it is the most basic inquiry upon which all other branches of philosophy depend in some way. [7] [b]