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Colorized tire footprint pressure distribution. The contact patch is the portion of a vehicle's tire that is in actual contact with the road surface.It is commonly used in the discussion of pneumatic (i.e. pressurized) tires, where the term is used strictly to describe the portion of the tire's tread that touches the road surface.
The black residue remains from where the tire was seated on the "safety profile" rim. Thomas B. Jeffery's 1882 clincher rim patent Design The first pneumatic tires for bicycles were simple tubes in shape secured to the wooden outer concave surfaced circumference of the wheel by glue and air pressure pressing them against it. [6]
The hub assembly is located between the brake drums or discs and the drive axle. A wheel is bolted on it. Depending on the construction, the end of the hub comes equipped with the splined teeth. They mate the teeth on the axle shaft. The axle hub spins along with the wheels bolted to it and provide power to the wheels in order to rotate.
The first bicycle wheels followed the traditions of carriage building: a wooden hub, a fixed steel axle (the bearings were located in the fork ends), wooden spokes and a shrink fitted iron tire. A typical modern wheel has a metal hub, wire tension spokes and a metal or carbon fiber rim which holds a pneumatic rubber tire.
In response, some manufacturers (e.g. Maserati) preferred to hold the wheel on the splined hub by capping with a single conventional unwinged hex nut requiring a special large spanner. [ 9 ] In the 1960s, even lighter cast alloy wheels became usual—at first with splined hubs and knock-off caps—and now predominate.
Tire factories start with bulk raw materials such as synthetic rubber (60% -70% of total rubber in the tire industry [2] [3]), carbon black, and chemicals and produce numerous specialized components that are assembled and cured. The tire is an assembly of numerous components that are built up on a drum and then cured in a press under heat and ...
Motorcycle tire changers mainly provide a simple bead loosening system and rim clamps powered manually. Certain motorcycle tire changers can accommodate wheel diameters as small as 10 inches (250 mm) and wheels at least 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches (38 mm) wide. [4] In addition, small atv wheels and tires are used on motorcycle tire changers.
Tire uniformity refers to the dynamic mechanical properties of pneumatic tires as strictly defined by a set of measurement standards and test conditions accepted by global tire and car makers. These standards include the parameters of radial force variation , lateral force variation , conicity, ply steer, radial run-out , lateral run-out , and ...