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Anisocoria is a common condition, defined by a diameter difference of 0.4 mm or more between the sizes of the pupils of the eyes. [2] Anisocoria has various causes: [3] Physiological anisocoria: About 20% of the population has a slight
Tadpole pupil, also known as episodic segmental iris mydriasis, is an ocular condition where the muscles of the iris begin to spasm, causing the elongation, or lengthening, of parts of the iris. [1] These spasms can affect any segment, or portion, of the iris and involve the iris dilator muscle . [ 1 ]
The main characteristic that distinguishes physiological anisocoria is an increase of pupil size with lower light or reduced illumination, such that the pupils differ in size between the two eyes. At any given eye examination, up to 41% of healthy patients can show an anisocoria of 0.4 mm or more at one time or another.
The size of the pupil (often measured as diameter) can vary between 8 to 1.5 mm. [4] Pupil size can be a symptom of an underlying disease. Dilation of the pupil is known as mydriasis and contraction as miosis.
A mydriatic pupil will remain excessively large even in a bright environment. The excitation of the radial fibres of the iris which increases the pupillary aperture is referred to as a mydriasis. More generally, mydriasis also refers to the natural dilation of pupils, for instance in low light conditions or under sympathetic stimulation.
A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), also known as a Marcus Gunn pupil (after Robert Marcus Gunn), is a medical sign observed during the swinging-flashlight test [1] whereupon the patient's pupils excessively dilate when a bright light is swung from the unaffected eye to the affected eye. The affected eye still senses the light and ...
Pharyngeal reflex — also known as the gag reflex. Photic sneeze reflex — a sneeze caused by sudden exposure to bright light. Plantar reflex — in infants up to 1 year of age, a curling of the toes when something rubs the ball of the foot. Pupillary accommodation reflex — a reduction of pupil size in response to an object coming close to ...
Light from a single point of a distant object and light from a single point of a near object being brought to a focus. The accommodation reflex (or accommodation-convergence reflex) is a reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near object, then looking at a distant object (and vice versa), comprising coordinated changes in vergence, lens shape (accommodation) and pupil size.