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Triphenyl phosphate exhibits low acute toxicity by dermal or oral contact. [3] However, an increasing number of studies have linked exposure to TPhP with reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, metabolic disruption, endocrine effects, and genotoxicity. [6] [8] [9] TPhP has also been found to induce significant estrogenic activity.
The health effects associated with organophosphate poisoning are a result of excess acetylcholine (ACh) present at different nerve synapses and neuromuscular junctions across the body. Specifically, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that normally and constantly breaks down acetylcholine, is inhibited by the organophosphate substance.
[74] [75] In the early 2000s some of the toxic components found in nail polish (toluene, formaldehyde and dibutyl phthalate) started being replaced by other substances. One of the new components was triphenyl phosphate which is known as an endocrine-disrupting plasticizer. [76]
Stapleton analyzed the substance and confirmed the presence of four different components: triphenyl phosphate (TPP); a mixture of isopropylated triphenyl phosphate isomers (ITPs); 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tertrabromobenzoate (TBB); and bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), in the FM 550 mixture as well as the dust samples. [11]
Terphenyls are a group of closely related aromatic hydrocarbons.Also known as diphenylbenzenes or triphenyls, they consist of a central benzene ring substituted with two phenyl groups.
Triphenylphosphine (IUPAC name: triphenylphosphane) is a common organophosphorus compound with the formula P(C 6 H 5) 3 and often abbreviated to P Ph 3 or Ph 3 P. It is versatile compound that is widely used as a reagent in organic synthesis and as a ligand for transition metal complexes, including ones that serve as catalysts in organometallic chemistry.
The disorder may contribute to the chronic multisymptom illnesses of the Gulf War veterans [3] [4] as well as aerotoxic syndrome (especially tricresyl phosphate poisoning) The exact cause of the syndrome is unknown, although it has been associated with inhibition of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 6 (PNPLA6, aka neuropathy ...
The reaction mechanism of the Mitsunobu reaction is fairly complex. The identity of intermediates and the roles they play has been the subject of debate. Initially, the triphenyl phosphine (2) makes a nucleophilic attack upon diethyl azodicarboxylate (1) producing a betaine intermediate 3, which deprotonates the carboxylic acid (4) to form the ion pair 5.