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Lead perchlorate trihydrate is produced by the reaction of lead(II) oxide, lead carbonate, or lead nitrate by perchloric acid: . Pb(NO 3) 2 + HClO 4 → Pb(ClO 4) 2 + HNO 3. The excess perchloric acid was removed by first heating the solution to 125 °C, then heating it under moist air at 160 °C to remove the perchloric acid by converting the acid to the dihydrate.
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Lead(II) chloride is the main precursor for organometallic derivatives of lead, such as plumbocenes. [11] The usual alkylating agents are employed, including Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds: 2 PbCl 2 + 4 RLi → R 4 Pb + 4 LiCl + Pb 2 PbCl 2 + 4 RMgBr → R 4 Pb + Pb + 4 MgBrCl 3 PbCl 2 + 6 RMgBr → R 3 Pb-PbR 3 + Pb + 6 MgBrCl [12]
It dissolves in nitric acid with the evolution of nitric oxide gas to form dissolved Pb(NO 3) 2. 3 Pb + 8 H + + 8 NO − 3 → 3 Pb 2+ + 6 NO − 3 + 2 NO + 4 H 2 O. When heated with nitrates of alkali metals, metallic lead oxidizes to form PbO (also known as litharge), leaving the corresponding alkali nitrite. PbO is representative of lead's ...
PbO + 2 HNO 3 (concentrated) → Pb(NO 3) 2 ↓ + H 2 O. It may also be obtained evaporation of the solution obtained by reacting metallic lead with dilute nitric acid. [11] Pb + 4 HNO 3 → Pb(NO 3) 2 + 2 NO 2 + 2 H 2 O. Solutions and crystals of lead(II) nitrate are formed in the processing of lead–bismuth wastes from lead refineries. [12]
A perchlorate is a chemical compound containing the perchlorate ion, ClO − 4, the conjugate base of perchloric acid (ionic perchlorate).As counterions, there can be metal cations, quaternary ammonium cations or other ions, for example, nitronium cation (NO + 2).
Lead sesquioxide, Pb 2 O 3, which is a lead (II,IV) oxide as well (lead(II) metaplumbate(IV) [Pb 2+][PbO 2− 3]), reddish yellow Pb 12 O 19 , monoclinic, dark-brown or black crystals The so-called black lead oxide , which is a mixture of PbO and fine-powdered Pb metal and used in the production of lead–acid batteries .
It is then converted to the ammonium salt (NH 4) 2 PbCl 6 by adding ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl). Finally, the solution is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4, to separate out lead tetrachloride. This series of reactions is conducted at 0 °C. The following equations illustrate the reaction: PbCl 2 + 2HCl + Cl 2 → H 2 PbCl 6