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Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) is an aqueous extract of motile blood cells from the Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus.LAL reacts with bacterial endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are components of the bacterial capsule, the outermost membrane of cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria.
The smallest species is the mangrove horseshoe crab (C. rotundicauda) and the largest is the tri-spine horseshoe crab (T. tridentatus). [ 44 ] On average, males of C. rotundicauda are about 30 centimeters (12 inches) long, including a telson that is about 15 cm (6 in), and a carapace about 15 cm (6 in) wide. [ 45 ]
Eel and whelk fisheries use horseshoe crabs for bait, and biomedical companies harvest horseshoe crabs for their blood, which can be used to detect toxins. Horseshoe crab populations remain at ...
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service issued a ruling on Monday that calls for the end of horseshoe crab harvesting in Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge in South Carolina from March 15 to July 15.
Soderhall K, Levin J, Armstrong PB. The effects of β 1,3-glucans on blood coagulation and amebocyte release in the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus. Biol Bull. 1985;169:661-674. Roth RI, Levin J, Behr S. A modified Limulus amebocyte lysate test with increased sensitivity for detection of bacterial endotoxin. J Lab Clin Med. 1989;114:306-311.
The horseshoe crab has been scuttling in the ocean and tidal pools for more than 400 million years, playing a vital role in the East Coast ecosystem along with being a prized item for fishing bait ...
However, horseshoe crab transglutaminase does not cross-link coagulins intermolecularly. Recently, coagulins were discovered to be cross-linked on hemocyte cell surface proteins called proxins. This indicates that a cross-linking reaction at the final stage of hemolymph coagulation is an important innate immune system of horseshoe crabs.
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