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Francoist ideology held that biologically, women did not have the same intellectual capacity as men. This belief was used to justify discrimination against women. [1] The Franco period represented an end of a period of innovation and revolutionary reforms in Spanish society, which impacted many areas including education. [2]
Childcare in Francoist Spain and the democratic transition was not about the needs of the mother, but about the needs of the state to educate children. While childcare centers had been provided by Republican aligned unions in the Spanish Civil Wars , with the start of the Franco period women were discouraged from participating in the workforce.
During the early Francoist period, mainstream feminists largely allowed the regime to dominate the narrative on birth control and sex education. They did not challenge the Francoist government through their few state sanctioned organizations like Sección Femenina on the legalization of contraception. [15]
Francoist Spain (Spanish: España franquista), also known as the Francoist dictatorship (dictadura franquista), was the period of Spanish history between 1936 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title Caudillo. Two days after his death in 1975 due to heart failure, Spain transitioned into a democracy.
Sex education in Francoist Spain (1939–1975) and the democratic transition (1975–1982) was prohibited by law to be taught in schools. When it was addressed, it was originally done so from a moralistic point of view, highlighting concepts like the need for chastity.
Depictions of women were censored by the media in Francoist Spain. [27] Suicide, abortion, nudity, drug use, and alcohol and alcoholism were often considered taboo subjects that would warrant censorship by the regime. [28] [29] Starting in 1962, censorship across Spain began to officially relax. Further changes to relax censorship occurred four ...
In 1970, 2 million units of the pill were sold in Spain. [26] The 1970 Education Act guaranteed a free education for all Spanish citizens. [27] Sección Femenina had been trying to organize the Congreso Internacional de la Mujer since 1967. Their initial efforts were delayed several years, including for budget reasons in 1969.
By the 1960s, Francoist Spain had changed its definition of Catholic womanhood. Women were no longer only biological organisms existing for the sole purpose of procreation, but as beings for whom Spanish cultural meaning rested. [2] Despite being contraception being illegal, by the mid-1960s, Spanish women had access to the contraceptive pill. [2]