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The first LED was created by Soviet inventor Oleg Losev [9] in 1927, but electroluminescence was already known for 20 years, and relied on a diode made of silicon carbide. ...
LED development began with infrared and red devices made with gallium arsenide. Advances in materials science have enabled making devices with ever-shorter wavelengths, emitting light in a variety of colors. LEDs are usually built on an n-type substrate, with an electrode attached to the p-type layer deposited on its surface.
The first blue-violet LED, using magnesium-doped gallium nitride was made at Stanford University in 1972 by Herb Maruska and Wally Rhines, doctoral students in materials science and engineering. [32] [33] At the time Maruska was on leave from RCA Laboratories, where he collaborated with Jacques Pankove on related work. In 1971, the year after ...
LED lamps are often made with arrays of surface mount LED modules. A significant difference from other light sources is that the light is more directional. An LED is a "Lambertian" emitter, producing a cone of light with half-power points about 60° from the axis. A laser diode is another form of LED emitter, but produces light by a different ...
Prototypes have been made of flexible and rollable displays which use OLEDs' unique characteristics. Applications in flexible signs and lighting are also being developed. [168] OLED lighting offers several advantages over LED lighting, such as higher quality illumination, more diffuse light source, and panel shapes. [167]
The latest options, packed with brilliant LEDs, can crank out up to 1,000 lumens and light up a trail or road sign from hundreds of feet away, plus they weigh just a few ounces.