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The effective population size (N e) is the size of an idealised population that would experience the same rate of genetic drift as the real population. [1] Idealised populations are those following simple one- locus models that comply with assumptions of the neutral theory of molecular evolution .
It is a measure of the "population mutation rate" (the product of the effective population size and the neutral mutation rate) from the observed nucleotide diversity of a population. θ = 4 N e μ {\displaystyle \theta =4N_{e}\mu } , [ 3 ] where N e {\displaystyle N_{e}} is the effective population size and μ {\displaystyle \mu } is the per ...
Effective number of codons (abbreviated as ENC or Nc) is a measure to study the state of codon usage biases in genes and genomes. [1] The way that ENC is computed has obvious similarities to the computation of effective population size in population genetics . [ 2 ]
For example, let the design effect, for estimating the population mean based on some sampling design, be 2. If the sample size is 1,000, then the effective sample size will be 500. It means that the variance of the weighted mean based on 1,000 samples will be the same as that of a simple mean based on 500 samples obtained using a simple random ...
where u is the mutation rate, and N e is the effective population size. The effective number of alleles n maintained in a population is defined as the inverse of the homozygosity, that is = = + which is a lower bound for the actual number of alleles in the population. If the effective population is large, then a large number of alleles can be ...
Although certain definitions require the substitution to be present in a sufficiently large fraction of the population (e.g. 1% or more), [1] many publications [2] [3] [4] do not apply such a frequency threshold. For example, a G nucleotide present at a specific location in a reference genome may be replaced by an A in a minority of individuals.
An alternative formula was proposed by Grigorii Golosov in 2010. [9]= = + which is equivalent – if we only consider parties with at least one vote/seat – to = = + (/) Here, n is the number of parties, the square of each party's proportion of all votes or seats, and is the square of the largest party's proportion of all votes or seats.
The effective population size (N e) was defined by Sewall Wright, who wrote two landmark papers on it (Wright 1931, 1938). He defined it as "the number of breeding individuals in an idealized population that would show the same amount of dispersion of allele frequencies under random genetic drift or the same amount of inbreeding as the ...