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Attar, also known as ittar, is an essential oil derived from botanical or other natural sources. Most commonly these oils are extracted via hydrodistillation or steam distillation . The Persian physician Ibn Sina was the first to derive the attar of flowers from distillation. [ 1 ]
Attar (Arabic: عطار, ʿAṭṭār) is both an Arabic given name and a surname that refers to the occupations apothecary, pharmacist, spice dealer, or perfumer. There is an exaggerated form related to this name, Atir or Ater ( عاطِر ‘āṭir), meaning "perfumed, sweet-smelling, aromatic, fragrant", which is used rarely.
Attar was a Sunni Muslim. [11] From childhood onward Attar, encouraged by his father, was interested in the Sufis and their sayings and way of life, and regarded their saints as his spiritual guides. [12] At the age of 78, Attar died a violent death in the massacre which the Mongols inflicted on Nishapur in April 1221. [4]
Kannauj Perfume is listed as item 157 of the GI Act 1999, which was passed by the Government of India. [2] Kannauj's perfume sector has a storied history. Due to the role of perfume production in Kannauj, the city is known as "the perfume capital of India". Additionally, one writer said that "Kannauj is to India what Grasse is to France".
The book also described one hundred and seven methods and recipes for perfume-making, and even the perfume making equipment, like the alembic, still bears its Arabic name. [ 11 ] The Persian Muslim doctor and chemist Ibn Sina (also known as Avicenna) introduced the process of extracting oils from flowers by means of distillation , the procedure ...
Before the development of the technique of distilling rose water, rose petals were already used in Persian cuisine to perfume and flavour dishes. [6] Rose water likely originated in Persia, [7] [8] [9] where it is known as gulāb (گلاب), from gul (گل rose) and ab (آب water). The term was adopted into Medieval Greek as zoulápin. [10]
Attar (caste), a Muslim community in India; Attar (name), an Arabic given name and surname, including a list of people with the name Attar of Nishapur, 12th-century Persian poet; Attar (syrup), a type of sweet syrup; ʿAṯtar, an ancient Semitic god; Colonel Attar, a fictional character in Planet of the Apes
The flower is a vital ingredient in Kewra and is used in special-occasion dishes in South Asia, particularly those associated with Muslim communities. [2] Kewra flowers have a sweet, perfumed odour with a pleasant quality similar to rose flowers, but kewra is more fruity. The aqueous distillate (kewra water, pandanus flower water) is quite diluted.