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Ecology (from Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos) ' house ' and -λογία ' study of ') is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms and their environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels.
Ecosystem ecology is the "study of the interactions between organisms and their environment as an integrated system". [ 2 ] : 458 The size of ecosystems can range up to ten orders of magnitude , from the surface layers of rocks to the surface of the planet.
Ecophysiology (from Greek οἶκος, oikos, "house(hold)"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia), environmental physiology or physiological ecology is a biological discipline that studies the response of an organism's physiology to environmental conditions.
Also, when plants and animals are introduced into a new environment, they have the potential to occupy or invade the niche or niches of native organisms, often outcompeting the indigenous species. Introduction of non-indigenous species to non-native habitats by humans often results in biological pollution by the exotic or invasive species .
Biology is the scientific ... every cell in the organism's body is derived ultimately ... thereby increasing the match between the organisms and their environment. ...
An evolved organism takes its form by the partially understood mechanisms of evolutionary developmental biology, in which the genome directs an elaborated series of interactions to produce successively more elaborate structures. The existence of chimaeras and hybrids demonstrates that these mechanisms are "intelligently" robust in the face of ...
Habitat can be defined as the natural environment of an organism, the type of place in which it is natural for it to live and grow. [4] [5] It is similar in meaning to a biotope; an area of uniform environmental conditions associated with a particular community of plants and animals. [6]
A bear with a salmon. Interspecific interactions such as predation are a key aspect of community ecology.. In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area at the same time, also known as a biocoenosis, biotic community, biological community, ecological community, or life assemblage.