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Potassium chloride (KCl, or potassium salt) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. It is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance. The solid dissolves readily in water, and its solutions have a salt-like taste. Potassium chloride can be obtained from ancient dried lake deposits. [7]
Chlorine can also be produced by the electrolysis of a solution of potassium chloride, in which case the co-products are hydrogen and caustic potash (potassium hydroxide). There are three industrial methods for the extraction of chlorine by electrolysis of chloride solutions, all proceeding according to the following equations:
Potassium hypochlorite is produced by the disproportionation reaction of chlorine with a solution of potassium hydroxide: [2] Cl 2 + 2 KOH → KCl + KOCl + H 2 O. This is the traditional method, first used by Claude Louis Berthollet in 1789. [3] Another production method is electrolysis of potassium chloride solution.
It can also be produced by passing chlorine gas into a hot solution of caustic potash: [8] 3 Cl 2 + 6 KOH → KClO 3 + 5 KCl + 3 H 2 O as seen in this video. According to X-ray crystallography, potassium chlorate is a dense salt-like structure consisting of chlorate and potassium ions in close association. The crystal structure of potassium ...
The chloralkali process (also chlor-alkali and chlor alkali) is an industrial process for the electrolysis of sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. It is the technology used to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), [1] which are commodity chemicals required by industry.
The only variable in this equation is the activity (or concentration) of the chloride anion. But since the inner solution is saturated with potassium chloride, this activity is fixed by the solubility of potassium chloride, which is: 342 g/L / 74.5513 g/mol = 4.587 M @ 20 °C.
Potassium perchlorate in crystal form. Potassium perchlorate is prepared industrially by treating an aqueous solution of sodium perchlorate with potassium chloride.This single precipitation reaction exploits the low solubility of KClO 4, which is about 1/100 as much as the solubility of NaClO 4 (209.6 g/100 mL at 25 °C).
Potassium chlorite is a colorless hygroscopic crystal that deliquesces in the air. It decomposes upon heating into potassium chloride and oxygen, emitting light. KClO 2 → KCl + O 2. Potassium chlorite forms orthorhombic cmcm crystals and has been reported to decompose within hours at room temperature. [1] [2] It is an oxidizing agent.