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There is an ongoing decline in plant biodiversity, just like there is ongoing biodiversity loss for many other life forms. One of the causes for this decline is climate change . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Environmental conditions play a key role in defining the function and geographic distributions of plants .
Climate change and the associated changing weather patterns occurring worldwide have a direct effect on biology, population ecology, and the population of eruptive insects, such as the mountain pine beetle. This is because temperature is a factor which determines insect development and population success. [87]
Relative to now, key areas for wildlife will retain less of their biodiversity under 2 °C (3.6 °F) of global warming, and even less under 4.5 °C (8.1 °F). [1] There are several plausible pathways that could lead to plant and animal species extinction from climate change.
Some climate change effects: wildfire caused by heat and dryness, bleached coral caused by ocean acidification and heating, environmental migration caused by desertification, and coastal flooding caused by storms and sea level rise. Effects of climate change are well documented and growing for Earth's natural environment and human societies. Changes to the climate system include an overall ...
The diversity of species and genes in ecological communities affects the functioning of these communities. These ecological effects of biodiversity in turn are affected by both climate change through enhanced greenhouse gases, aerosols and loss of land cover [citation needed], and biological diversity, causing a rapid loss of biodiversity and extinctions of species and local populations.
World leaders are meeting in Paris this month in what amounts to a last-ditch effort to avert the worst ravages of climate change. Climatologists now say that the best case scenario — assuming immediate and dramatic emissions curbs — is that planetary surface temperatures will increase by at least 2 degrees Celsius in the coming decades.
Extreme weather events affect public health, and food and water security. [239] [240] [241] Temperature extremes lead to increased illness and death. [239] [240] Climate change increases the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. [240] [241] It can affect transmission of infectious diseases, such as dengue fever and malaria.
Deforestation is a primary contributor to climate change, [1] [2] and climate change affects the health of forests. [3] Land use change , especially in the form of deforestation, is the second largest source of carbon dioxide emissions from human activities, after the burning of fossil fuels .