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The Federal Republic of Germany is a federation and consists of sixteen partly sovereign states. [a] Of the sixteen states, thirteen are so-called area-states ('Flächenländer'); in these, below the level of the state government, there is a division into local authorities (counties and county-level cities) that have their own administration.
With a population of 84.7 million according to the 2023 German census, [232] Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union, the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, [4] [g] and the nineteenth-most populous country in the world.
List of all registered political parties in the Federal Republic of Germany between 1969 and 2023 by the Federal Returning Office (in German) Overview of the elections since 1946 (Übersicht der Wahlen seit 1946) on the website of the Tagesschau - Election results in Germany since 1946 on state, federal and European levels (German descriptions ...
West Germany and East Germany (1949 [a] –1990) Allied Occupied Germany Germany (1990–present). German reunification (German: Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process of re-establishing Germany as a single sovereign state, which began on 9 November 1989 and culminated on 3 October 1990 with the dissolution of the German Democratic Republic and the integration of its re-established ...
Germany's reformed voting system aims to blend British- or American-style single-member constituencies with the proportionality characteristic of most continental European countries.
Germany is a member of the European Union and the eurozone. Germany maintains a network of 229 diplomatic missions abroad and holds relations with more than 190 countries. [30] It is the largest contributor to the budget of the European Union (providing 27%) and third largest contributor to the United Nations (providing 8%).
The English term Germans is derived from the ethnonym Germani, which was used for Germanic peoples in ancient times. [7] [8] Since the early modern period, it has been the most common name for the Germans in English, being applied to any citizens, natives or inhabitants of Germany, regardless of whether they are considered to have German ethnicity.
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. [9] [10] [11] The union has a total area of 4,233,255 km 2 (1,634,469 sq mi) and an estimated total population of over 449 million.