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Diagram of a typical industrial distillation tower Large-scale industrial towers use reflux to achieve a more complete separation of products. [ 5 ] Reflux refers to the portion of the condensed overhead liquid product from a distillation or fractionation tower that is returned to the upper part of the tower as shown in the schematic diagram of ...
A fractionating column or fractional column is equipment used in the distillation of liquid mixtures to separate the mixture into its component parts, or fractions, based on their differences in volatility. Fractionating columns are used in small-scale laboratory distillations as well as large-scale industrial distillations.
A McCabe–Thiele diagram for the distillation of a binary (two-component) feed is constructed using the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data—which is how vapor is concentrated when in contact with its liquid form—for the component with the lower boiling point. Figure 1: Typical McCabe–Thiele diagram for distillation of a binary feed
The cooling and condensing of the distillation tower overhead is provided partially by exchanging heat with the incoming crude oil and partially by either an air-cooled or water-cooled condenser. Additional heat is removed from the distillation column by a pumparound system as shown in the diagram below.
Distillation column in a cryogenic air separation plant The cryogenic separation process [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] requires a very tight integration of heat exchangers and separation columns to obtain a good efficiency and all the energy for refrigeration is provided by the compression of the air at the inlet of the unit.
English: Chemical engineering schematic of Continuous Binary Fractional Distillation tower separating one feed stream into one distillate and one bottoms fractions (description taken from Continuous_Binary_Fractional_Distillation.PNG by H_Padleckas).
Image 5: Cross-sectional diagram of a binary fractional distillation tower with bubble-cap trays. (See theoretical plate for enlarged tray image.) Distillation towers (such as in images 3 and 4) use various vapor and liquid contacting methods to provide the required number of equilibrium stages.
Image:Fractional_distillation_lab_apparatus.png licensed with GFDL-en 2008-03-07T11:17:34Z VIGNERON 272x321 (3971 Bytes) {{GFDL-with-disclaimers}} {{Information |Description=Diagram , drawn by theresa knott. This diagram was created with the drawing tools that come with [[Microsoft Word]]. See [[Wikipedia:How to draw a diagram with Microsoft