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These methods are often more time-consuming than entering the values into a VCF calculator; however, due to the variance in methodology and computation of constants, the tables published by the American Petroleum Institute are preferred when dealing with the purchase and sale of crude oil and residual fuels.
Overhead gas from the stabilizer passes through a back pressure control valve that maintains the pressure in the stabilizer. [5] The stabilised crude oil, comprising pentane and higher hydrocarbons (C 5 +), is drawn from the base of the stabilizer and is cooled. This may be by heat exchange with the incoming live crude and by cooling water in a ...
It is defined as the minimum temperature in which the oil has the ability to pour down from a beaker. [1] [2] In crude oil a high pour point is generally associated with a high paraffin content, typically found in crude deriving from a larger proportion of plant material. That type of crude oil is mainly derived from a kerogen Type III.
The hot crude oil is then passed into a distillation column that allows the separation of the crude oil into different fractions depending on the difference in volatility. The pressure at the top is maintained at 1.2–1.5 atm [ 2 ] so that the distillation can be carried out at close to atmospheric pressure, and therefore it is known as the ...
This is known as live crude. The NGL is flashed off and recovered in the onshore separation plant. The operating pressure and temperature of the separation plant may be specified such that the oil meets a required vapor pressure, such as Reid Vapor Pressure. [3]
The K factor or characterization factor is defined from Rankine boiling temperature °R=1.8Tb[k] and relative to water density ρ at 60°F: . K(UOP) = / The K factor is a systematic way of classifying a crude oil according to its paraffinic, naphthenic, intermediate or aromatic nature. 12.5 or higher indicate a crude oil of predominantly paraffinic constituents, while 10 or lower indicate a ...
Definition of formation volume factor Bo and gas/oil ratio Rs for oil. When oil is produced to surface temperature and pressure it is usual for some natural gas to come out of solution. The gas/oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of the volume of gas ("scf") that comes out of solution to the volume of oil — at standard conditions.
It is defined as the equilibrium partial pressure exerted by a volatile organic liquid as a function of temperature as determined by the test method ASTM D 2879. [ 1 ] The true vapor pressure (TVP) at 100 °F differs slightly from the Reid vapor pressure (RVP) (per definition also at 100 °F), as it excludes dissolved fixed gases such as air.