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These seagrass meadows are highly productive habitats that provide many ecosystem services, including protecting the coast from storms and big waves, stabilising sediment, providing safe habitats for other species and encouraging biodiversity, enhancing water quality, and sequestering carbon and nutrients. [12] [3]
There are about 72 species of sea grass around the world, and while they cover about .1% of the seafloor, they play an important role in maintaining a healthy ocean.
Sri Lanka continental separated from the south eastern tip of peninsular India by the more than 20 m deep Palk Strait.There had been repeated land connections with India across this strait during successive glacial periods, the last being between 10,000 and 20,000 years ago when the sea level was about 120m below the present level creating a 140 km wide land bridge.
Sri Lanka's forests contain 61 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass (in 2010 [14]). The southwest portion of the island, where the influence of the moisture-bearing southwest monsoon is strongest, is home to the Sri Lanka lowland rain forests. At higher elevations they make the transition to the Sri Lanka montane rain forests.
Notable examples include coastal seagrass meadows, which are deteriorating at the rate of 7%/year, and the mangrove forests, 42% of which are in Asia. [3]: 1480 By 2018, over 60% of Asia's past mangrove extent and 40% of coral reefs had already been lost.
Rain clouds over a tank in Sri Lanka The tank cascade system ( Sinhala : එල්ලංගාව , romanized: ellaṅgāva ) is an ancient irrigation system spanning the island of Sri Lanka . It is a network of thousands of small irrigation tanks ( Sinhala : වැව , romanized: wewa ) draining to large reservoirs that store rainwater and ...
Air pollution and water pollution are challenges for Sri Lanka since both cause negative health impacts. Overfishing and insufficient waste management, especially in rural areas, leads to environmental pollution. Sri Lanka is also vulnerable to climate change impacts such as extreme weather events and sea level rise. [1]
The ecoregion covers an area of 48,400 square kilometers (18,700 sq mi), about 75%, of the island of Sri Lanka, with the exception of the islands' southwestern corner and Central Highlands, home to the Sri Lanka lowland rain forests and Sri Lanka montane rain forests ecoregions, respectively, and the northern Jaffna Peninsula, which is part of the Deccan thorn scrub forests ecoregion.