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The history of interwar Poland comprises the period from the revival of the independent Polish state in 1918, until the Invasion of Poland from the West by Nazi Germany in 1939 at the onset of World War II, followed by the Soviet Union from the East two weeks later.
End of World War II in Europe: June 18–21: Trial of the Sixteen Polish Underground leaders in Moscow July 10–25: Augustów roundup of anti-Communist partisans August 2: Potsdam Conference concludes between the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States: August 11: Kraków pogrom with one dead victim 1946: January 20
Poland regained its independence as the Second Polish Republic in 1918 after World War I, but lost it in World War II through occupation by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Poland lost over six million citizens in World War II, emerging several years later as the socialist People's Republic of Poland within the Eastern Bloc , under strong ...
The organizations forming the Polish Underground State that functioned in Poland throughout the war were loyal to and formally under the Polish government-in-exile, acting through its Government Delegation for Poland. [178] During World War II, hundreds of thousands of Poles joined the underground Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa), [179] a part ...
The world powers in 1939, before the start of World War II. January 25 A uranium atom is split for the first time at Columbia University in the United States. [49] January 27 Hitler orders Plan Z, a 5-year naval expansion programme intended to provide for a huge German fleet capable of defeating the British Royal Navy by 1944.
After the German conquest of Poland, a Polish government-in-exile was formed under the protection of France and Britain. The government was recognised by the United Kingdom and the United States until 5 July 1945, when the Western Allies accepted Joseph Stalin's communist government. By the end of 1946, the government-in-exile had lost ...
The numerical dimensions of Polish World War II human losses are difficult to ascertain. According to the official data of the Polish War Reparations Bureau (1946), 644,000 Polish citizens died as a result of military action and 5.1 million died as a result of the occupiers' repressions and extermination policies. According to Czubiński, the ...
After the German conquest of Poland, a Polish government-in-exile was formed under the protection of France and Britain. The President of the Republic and the government-in-exile were recognised by the United Kingdom and, later, by the United States until 6 July 1945, when the Western Allies accepted the Communist-led government backed by ...