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The transition to flowering is one of the major phase changes that a plant makes during its life cycle. The transition must take place at a time that is favorable for fertilization and the formation of seeds , hence ensuring maximal reproductive success.
The life cycle of a dioecious flowering plant (angiosperm), the willow, has been outlined in some detail in an earlier section (A complex life cycle). The life cycle of a gymnosperm is similar. However, flowering plants have in addition a phenomenon called ' double fertilization '.
An annual plant is a plant that completes its life cycle, from germination to the production of seeds, within one growing season, and then dies. Globally, 6% of all plant species and 15% of herbaceous plants (excluding trees and shrubs) are annuals. [ 1 ]
Angiosperm flower showing reproductive parts and life cycle The characteristic feature of angiosperms is the flower. Its function is to ensure fertilization of the ovule and development of fruit containing seeds . [ 55 ]
Some plants flower early in their life cycle, others require a period of vernalization before flowering. This outcome is based on factors like temperature , light intensity , presence of pollinators and other environmental signals: genes like CONSTANS (CO) , Flowering Locus C ( FLC ) and FRIGIDA regulate integration of environmental signals ...
Alternatively, under extreme climatic conditions, a biennial plant may complete its life cycle rapidly (e.g., in three months instead of two years). [7] This is quite common in vegetable or flower seedlings that were vernalized before they were planted in the ground. This behavior leads to many normally biennial plants being treated as annuals ...
In biology, a biological life cycle (or just life cycle when the biological context is clear) is a series of stages of the life of an organism, that begins as a zygote, often in an egg, and concludes as an adult that reproduces, producing an offspring in the form of a new zygote which then itself goes through the same series of stages, the ...
The annual life cycle has independently emerged in over 120 different plant families throughout the entire angiosperm phylogeny. [4] The life-history theory posits that annual plants are favored when adult mortality is higher than seedling (or seed) mortality, [ 5 ] i.e., annuals will dominate environments with disturbances or high temporal ...