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HM Factory, Gretna was the United Kingdom's largest cordite factory in World War I. Women from all over the world came to work there, manufacturing what was known as the Devil's Porridge, a term coined by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle to refer to the mixture of gun cotton and nitroglycerine that was used to produce cordite as a shell propellant. [38]
Women workers with TNT shells at Chilwell filling factory, Nottinghamshire, in 1917.Photo: Imperial War Museums The Canary Girls were British women who worked in munitions manufacturing trinitrotoluene (TNT) shells during the First World War (1914–1918).
The Gretna Girls was a collective nickname given to women munition workers at HM Factory Gretna in World War One. By June 1917, roughly 80% of the weaponry and ammunition used by the British army during World War I was being made by munitionettes. [5]
Gretna Girls at HM Factory Gretna. The Gretna Girls was a collective nickname given to women munition workers at HM Factory Gretna in World War One.Women came from all over the United Kingdom to work at the factory, but many were drawn from the surrounding areas of Scotland and Northern England.
The Second Line of Defense: American Women and World War I (U of North Carolina Press, 2017). xvi, 340 pp. Greenwald, Maurine W. Women, War, and Work: The Impact of World War I on Women Workers in the United States (1990) ISBN 0313213550; Jensen, Kimberly. Mobilizing Minerva: American Women in the First World War. Urbana: University of Illinois ...
The Gretna Girls was a collective nickname given to women war workers at HM Factory Gretna. [35] Thomas Gilbert Henry Jones was an Australian organic chemist who became a senior chemist in the solvent recovery process. Following a distinguished career in academia, he was later awarded a CBE. [36]
Women were also involved in knitting socks for the soldiers on the front, as well as other voluntary work, but as a matter of survival, women had to work for paid employment for the sake of their families. [13] Many women worked as volunteers serving at the Red Cross, encouraged the sale of war bonds, or planted "victory gardens." [citation needed]
Munition workers were sometimes called Canary Girls, British women who worked in munitions manufacturing trinitrotoluene (TNT) shells during the First World War1 (1914–1918). The nickname arose because exposure to TNT is toxic, and repeated exposure can turn the skin an orange-yellow colour reminiscent of the plumage of a canary .