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ISPM 15 affects all wood packaging material (pallets, crates, dunnages, etc.) and requires that they be debarked and then heat treated or fumigated with methyl bromide, and stamped or branded [1] with a mark of compliance. This mark of compliance is colloquially known as the "wheat stamp".
Wood treated with this process is often used for cladding or siding, flooring, furniture and windows. For the control of pests that may be harbored in wood packaging material (i.e. crates and pallets), the ISPM 15 requires heat treatment of wood to 56 °C for 30 minutes to receive the HT stamp.
Heat treatment: The wood must be heated to achieve a minimum core temperature of 56 °C (133 °F) for at least 30 minutes. Pallets treated using this method bear the initials HT near the IPPC logo. Chemical fumigation: The wood must be fumigated with methyl bromide. Pallets treated using this method bear the initials MB near the
These IPPC markings on a wood pallet indicate KD: kiln-dried, HT: heat treated, and DB: debarked. Essentially all wood packaging material that is exported to an IPPC member state must have a stamp such as this. When green wood dries, free water from the cell lumina, held by the capillary forces only, is the first to go.
In the context of shipping manufactured goods, dunnage refers to the packing material used as protective fill inside the carton, box or other type container used to prevent the merchandise from being damaged during shipment. These materials include bubble wrap; wadded, crumpled or shredded paper; styrofoam; inflated air packs; and other materials.
Election mail is delivered even if you don't use enough stamps. However, county boards of elections (and ultimately taxpayers) are on the hook for unpaid postage fees, so it's good to use the ...
The first usage of paper for packaging was sheets of treated mulberry bark used by the Chinese to wrap foods as early as the first or second century BC. [3] The usage of paper-like material in Europe was when the Romans used low grade and recycled papyrus for the packaging of incense. [4]
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