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In computer science, a heap is a tree -based data structure that satisfies the heap property: In a max heap, for any given node C, if P is a parent node of C, then the key (the value) of P is greater than or equal to the key of C. In a min heap, the key of P is less than or equal to the key of C. [1] The node at the "top" of the heap (with no ...
For a random heap, and for repeated insertions, the insertion operation has an average-case complexity of O(1). [4] [5] As an example of binary heap insertion, say we have a max-heap and we want to add the number 15 to the heap. We first place the 15 in the position marked by the X.
Selection algorithm. In computer science, a selection algorithm is an algorithm for finding the th smallest value in a collection of ordered values, such as numbers. The value that it finds is called the th order statistic. Selection includes as special cases the problems of finding the minimum, median, and maximum element in the collection.
Factory method pattern. Appearance. In object-oriented programming, the factory method pattern is a design pattern that uses factory methods to deal with the problem of creating objects without having to specify their exact classes. Rather than by calling a constructor, this is accomplished by invoking a factory method to create an object.
Tuples – .NET Framework 4.0 but it becomes popular when C# 7.0 introduced a new tuple type with language support [100] Nested functions – C# 7.0 [100] Pattern matching – C# 7.0 [100] Immutability – C# 7.2 readonly struct C# 9 record types [101] and Init only setters [102] Type classes – C# 12 roles/extensions (in development [103])
In object-oriented programming languages such as Java, reflection allows inspection of classes, interfaces, fields and methods at runtime without knowing the names of the interfaces, fields, methods at compile time. It also allows instantiation of new objects and invocation of methods. Reflection is often used as part of software testing, such ...
The Visitor [ 1 ] design pattern is one of the twenty-three well-known Gang of Four design patterns that describe how to solve recurring design problems to design flexible and reusable object-oriented software, that is, objects that are easier to implement, change, test, and reuse.
Type conversion. In computer science, type conversion, [1][2] type casting, [1][3] type coercion, [3] and type juggling[4][5] are different ways of changing an expression from one data type to another. An example would be the conversion of an integer value into a floating point value or its textual representation as a string, and vice versa.