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Cycle of research and development Spending on research and development as share of GDP (2015). Research and development (R&D or R+D) [1] is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products.
Research development (RD) is a set of strategic, proactive, catalytic, and capacity-building activities designed to facilitate individual faculty members, teams of researchers, and central research administrations in attracting extramural research funding, creating relationships, and developing and implementing strategies that increase institutional competitiveness.
The Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (Indonesian: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, abbreviated as Balitbangtan) abbreviated in English as IAARD was a supporting unit of the Ministry of Agriculture which is responsible for state research, development, and innovation in the field of agriculture in Indonesia.
Since the 1960s, private businesses in the U.S. have provided an increasing share of funding for research and development, as direct federal funding waned. [1] Research and development intensity (R&D intensity) is generally defined as expenditures by a firm on its research and development divided by the firm's sales. [2]
Artistic research, also seen as 'practice-based research', can take form when creative works are considered both the research and the object of research itself. It is the debatable body of thought which offers an alternative to purely scientific methods in research in its search for knowledge and truth.
The National Institute of Health Research and Development (Indonesian: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, abbreviated as Balitbangkes) was a supporting unit of the Ministry of Health which is responsible for state research, development, and innovation in the field of health and medical sciences.
Public research and development (Public R&D) refers to the R&D activities related to public sectors, including governments, colleges and non-profit organizations. [2] Public R&D include academic fundamental research, applied research and R&D grants and contracts to private sectors, where later two are known as 'R&D subsidy'.
Few dedicated management models for R&D exist. Among the more popularized ones are Arthur D. Little's Third generation R&D management, [5] the Development funnel, [6] the Phase–gate model All these models are concerned with improving R&D performance and result productivity, managing R&D as a process, and providing the R&D function with an environment in which the inherent technological and ...