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The history of biology traces the study of the living world from ancient to modern times. Although the concept of biology as a single coherent field arose in the 19th century, the biological sciences emerged from traditions of medicine and natural history reaching back to Ayurveda, ancient Egyptian medicine and the works of Aristotle, Theophrastus and Galen in the ancient Greco-Roman world.
Emphasized the importance of medium, and coined terms like "global village" and "the medium is the message" [210] Political science: Aristotle Niccolò Machiavelli* Thomas Hobbes** Aristotle is called the father of political science largely because of his work entitled Politics. This treatise is divided into eight books, and deals with subjects ...
1905 – William Bateson coined the term "genetics" to describe the study of biological inheritance. 1906 – Mikhail Tsvet discovered the chromatography technique for organic compound separation. 1907 – Ivan Pavlov demonstrated conditioned responses with salivating dogs.
The term "taxonomy" was coined by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle while the term "systematic" was coined by Carl Linnaeus the father of taxonomy. [ citation needed ] Taxonomy, systematic biology, systematics, biosystematics, scientific classification, biological classification, phylogenetics: At various times in history, all these words have had ...
1958 – The term bionics is coined by Jack E. Steele. 1964 – The first commercial myoelectric arm is developed by the Central Prosthetic Research Institute of the USSR and distributed by the Hangar Limb Factory of the UK. 1972 – The DNA composition of chimpanzees and gorillas is discovered to be 99% similar to that of humans.
Spencer originated the expression "survival of the fittest", which he coined in Principles of Biology (1864) after reading Charles Darwin's 1859 book On the Origin of Species. The term strongly suggests natural selection, yet Spencer saw evolution as extending into realms of sociology and ethics, so he also supported Lamarckism. [1] [2]
The term "ecosystem" was first used in 1935 in a publication by British ecologist Arthur Tansley. The term was coined by Arthur Roy Clapham, who came up with the word at Tansley's request. [6] Tansley devised the concept to draw attention to the importance of transfers of materials between organisms and their environment.
Filipchenko appears to have been the one who coined the term ‘macroevolution’ in his book Variabilität und Variation (1927). [11] While introducing the concept, he claimed that the field of genetics is insufficient to explain “the origin of higher systematic units” above the species level.