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Feminism in Germany as a modern movement began during the Wilhelmine period (1888–1918) with individual women and women's rights groups pressuring a range of traditional institutions, from universities to government, to open their doors to women.
During this period, the women's movement was influenced predominantly by class issues. [8] Louise Otto-Peters is believed to be the founder of the first middle-class women's movement which pursued the participation of women in education and politics. According to Otto-Peters, female participation in politics was a duty rather than a right.
Prelinger, Catherine M. Charity, Challenge, and Change Religious Dimensions of the Mid-Nineteenth-Century Women's Movement in Germany (1987). Rowold, Katharina. The educated woman: minds, bodies, and women's higher education in Britain, Germany, and Spain, 1865-1914 (2011). Sagarra, Eda. A Social History of Germany 1648–1914 (1977, 2002 edition).
The crimes of women in early modern Germany (Oxford University Press, 1999). Ruble, Alexandria N. Entangled Emancipation: Women’s Rights in Cold War Germany ((University of Toronto Press, 2023) online scholarly review of this book; Rupp, Leila J. Mobilizing women for war: German and American propaganda, 1939-1945 (Princeton University Press ...
The Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine (Federation of German Women's Associations) (BDF) was founded on 28/29 March 1894 as umbrella organization of the women's civil rights feminist movement and existed until the Nazi seizure of power in 1933.
The central cause of the women's movement during the time of the German Empire was the improvement of women's education and their access to professions and careers reserved for men. In 1888, the General German Women's Association submitted a petition to the Prussian House of Representatives asking for the admission of women to the studies of ...
Women in Germany receive a third of the retirement income of their male counterparts, in what has been called the "gender pension gap." One in five women aged 65 or over is at risk of poverty in ...
It was founded in 1951 and views itself as a successor of the Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine, that existed from 1894 to 1933. [2]The council, similar to the Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine, was traditionally an umbrella organization for the bourgeois or "bourgeois-liberal" women's movement, but over time developed a broader political profile as a result of a rapprochement between the bourgeois ...